chore: persist db data to host path and add agent instructions

- docker-compose: mount ~/tcms-db-data for the sqlite database
- add CLAUDE.md agent coding guidelines

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

CLAUDE.md

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+# CLAUDE.md — Agent Instructions
+
+Behavioral guidelines for AI coding agents. Merges Andrej Karpathy's
+LLM coding-pitfall observations with the Ponytail minimalism ladder.
+
+**Tradeoff:** bias toward caution *and* minimalism. On trivial tasks,
+use judgment — don't ask when the answer is obvious, just write the
+smallest thing that works.
+
+---
+
+## 1. Think before coding
+
+Don't assume. Don't hide confusion. Surface tradeoffs.
+
+- State assumptions explicitly.
+- If interpretations genuinely diverge, ask ONE clarifying question.
+  Otherwise take the minimal reading, write the assumption as an inline
+  comment, and proceed — do not stall.
+- If a simpler approach exists, say so. Push back when warranted.
+
+## 2. Write the least code that works (the ladder)
+
+Before writing any code, stop at the FIRST rung that solves the task:
+
+1. **Skip it** — is the feature even needed? (YAGNI)
+2. **Stdlib** — does the standard library already do this?
+3. **Native** — does the platform/runtime have it built in?
+4. **Existing dependency** — can something already installed do the job?
+5. **One line** — can it be one line?
+6. **Minimum** — only now, write the least code that works.
+
+No features beyond what was asked. No abstractions for single-use code.
+No speculative flexibility or configurability. No error handling for
+impossible scenarios. If you wrote 200 lines and it could be 50, rewrite.
+
+Test: "Would a senior engineer call this overcomplicated?" If yes, simplify.
+
+## 3. Where laziness stops
+
+Section 2 does NOT apply to these — here, do it properly:
+
+- Input validation at trust boundaries.
+- Error handling that prevents data loss.
+- Security.
+- Accessibility.
+- Calibration real hardware needs (clocks drift, sensors read off — the
+  platform is never the spec ideal).
+- Anything the user explicitly requested.
+
+## 4. Mark and verify your shortcuts
+
+Lazy code without a check is unfinished.
+
+- Mark every intentional simplification with a `ponytail:` comment. If the
+  shortcut has a known ceiling (global lock, O(n²) scan, naive heuristic),
+  the comment names the ceiling and the upgrade path.
+- Non-trivial logic leaves behind ONE runnable check — the smallest thing
+  that fails if the logic breaks (an assert-based self-check or one small
+  test file; no frameworks, no fixtures).
+- Turn the task into a verifiable goal and loop until it passes:
+  - "Add validation" → write tests for invalid inputs, then make them pass.
+  - "Fix the bug" → write a test that reproduces it, then make it pass.
+  - "Refactor X" → ensure tests pass before and after.
+
+For multi-step tasks, state a brief plan: `1. step → verify: check`.
+
+## 5. Surgical changes
+
+Touch only what you must. Clean up only your own mess.
+
+- Don't "improve" adjacent code, comments, or formatting.
+- Don't refactor what isn't broken. Match existing style.
+- Remove imports/variables/functions that YOUR changes made unused.
+- Pre-existing dead code: mention it, don't delete it (unless asked).
+
+Test: every changed line traces directly to the user's request.
+
+---
+
+**Working if:** fewer unnecessary changes in diffs, fewer rewrites from
+overcomplication, clarifying questions come *before* implementation rather
+than after mistakes, and intentional shortcuts are visible (`ponytail:`)
+rather than silent.

backend/migrations/20260625000000-create-ldap-settings.js

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+export async function up(queryInterface, Sequelize) {
+  await queryInterface.createTable('ldapSettings', {
+    id: {
+      type: Sequelize.INTEGER,
+      primaryKey: true,
+      autoIncrement: true,
+    },
+    enabled: {
+      type: Sequelize.BOOLEAN,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: false,
+    },
+    url: {
+      type: Sequelize.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '',
+    },
+    bindDn: {
+      type: Sequelize.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '',
+    },
+    bindCredentials: {
+      type: Sequelize.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '',
+    },
+    searchBase: {
+      type: Sequelize.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '',
+    },
+    searchFilter: {
+      type: Sequelize.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '(mail={{username}})',
+    },
+    emailAttribute: {
+      type: Sequelize.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: 'mail',
+    },
+    usernameAttribute: {
+      type: Sequelize.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: 'cn',
+    },
+    createdAt: {
+      type: Sequelize.DATE,
+      allowNull: false,
+    },
+    updatedAt: {
+      type: Sequelize.DATE,
+      allowNull: false,
+    },
+  });
+}
+
+export async function down(queryInterface) {
+  await queryInterface.dropTable('ldapSettings');
+}

backend/models/ldapSettings.js

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+function defineLdapSetting(sequelize, DataTypes) {
+  const LdapSetting = sequelize.define('LdapSetting', {
+    enabled: {
+      type: DataTypes.BOOLEAN,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: false,
+    },
+    url: {
+      type: DataTypes.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '',
+    },
+    bindDn: {
+      type: DataTypes.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '',
+    },
+    bindCredentials: {
+      type: DataTypes.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '',
+    },
+    searchBase: {
+      type: DataTypes.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '',
+    },
+    // {{username}} is replaced with the value typed in the sign-in form.
+    searchFilter: {
+      type: DataTypes.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: '(mail={{username}})',
+    },
+    emailAttribute: {
+      type: DataTypes.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: 'mail',
+    },
+    usernameAttribute: {
+      type: DataTypes.STRING,
+      allowNull: false,
+      defaultValue: 'cn',
+    },
+  });
+
+  return LdapSetting;
+}
+
+export default defineLdapSetting;

backend/package-lock.json

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
         "express": "^4.21.0",
         "express-rate-limit": "^7.4.1",
         "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.2",
+        "ldapts": "^8.1.8",
         "multer": "^1.4.5-lts.1",
         "papaparse": "^5.5.2",
         "sequelize": "^6.37.7",
@@ -1010,6 +1011,29 @@
         "node": ">= 0.8"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/encoding": {
+      "version": "0.1.13",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/encoding/-/encoding-0.1.13.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ETBauow1T35Y/WZMkio9jiM0Z5xjHHmJ4XmjZOq1l/dXz3lr2sRn87nJy20RupqSh1F2m3HHPSp8ShIPQJrJ3A==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "iconv-lite": "^0.6.2"
+      }
+    },
+    "node_modules/encoding/node_modules/iconv-lite": {
+      "version": "0.6.3",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/iconv-lite/-/iconv-lite-0.6.3.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-4fCk79wshMdzMp2rH06qWrJE4iolqLhCUH+OiuIgU++RB0+94NlDL81atO7GX55uUKueo0txHNtvEyI6D7WdMw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "dependencies": {
+        "safer-buffer": ">= 2.1.2 < 3.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=0.10.0"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/end-of-stream": {
       "version": "1.4.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/end-of-stream/-/end-of-stream-1.4.4.tgz",
@@ -1099,7 +1123,6 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.21.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-28HqgMZAmih1Czt9ny7qr6ek2qddF4FclbMzwhCREB6OFfH+rXAnuNCwo1/wFvrtbgsQDb4kSbX9de9lFbrXnA==",
       "license": "MIT",
-      "peer": true,
       "dependencies": {
         "accepts": "~1.3.8",
         "array-flatten": "1.1.1",
@@ -1840,6 +1863,18 @@
         "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/ldapts": {
+      "version": "8.1.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ldapts/-/ldapts-8.1.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Wpdvo+/0DREIynYf2he2efHtjptr5zD7dpesSkZWJqfQdMEgSTytEIsSZVuoDSiiE1+SpXf3emZ7ewxGBTo7Pw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "strict-event-emitter-types": "2.0.0"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=20"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/lodash": {
       "version": "4.17.21",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.21.tgz",
@@ -3068,6 +3103,12 @@
         "node": ">=10.0.0"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/strict-event-emitter-types": {
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strict-event-emitter-types/-/strict-event-emitter-types-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Nk/brWYpD85WlOgzw5h173aci0Teyv8YdIAEtV+N88nDB0dLlazZyJMIsN6eo1/AR61l+p6CJTG1JIyFaoNEEA==",
+      "license": "ISC"
+    },
     "node_modules/string_decoder": {
       "version": "1.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string_decoder/-/string_decoder-1.1.1.tgz",
@@ -4266,6 +4307,26 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/encodeurl/-/encodeurl-2.0.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Q0n9HRi4m6JuGIV1eFlmvJB7ZEVxu93IrMyiMsGC0lrMJMWzRgx6WGquyfQgZVb31vhGgXnfmPNNXmxnOkRBrg=="
     },
+    "encoding": {
+      "version": "0.1.13",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/encoding/-/encoding-0.1.13.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-ETBauow1T35Y/WZMkio9jiM0Z5xjHHmJ4XmjZOq1l/dXz3lr2sRn87nJy20RupqSh1F2m3HHPSp8ShIPQJrJ3A==",
+      "optional": true,
+      "requires": {
+        "iconv-lite": "^0.6.2"
+      },
+      "dependencies": {
+        "iconv-lite": {
+          "version": "0.6.3",
+          "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/iconv-lite/-/iconv-lite-0.6.3.tgz",
+          "integrity": "sha512-4fCk79wshMdzMp2rH06qWrJE4iolqLhCUH+OiuIgU++RB0+94NlDL81atO7GX55uUKueo0txHNtvEyI6D7WdMw==",
+          "optional": true,
+          "requires": {
+            "safer-buffer": ">= 2.1.2 < 3.0.0"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
     "end-of-stream": {
       "version": "1.4.4",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/end-of-stream/-/end-of-stream-1.4.4.tgz",
@@ -4328,7 +4389,6 @@
       "version": "4.21.2",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/express/-/express-4.21.2.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-28HqgMZAmih1Czt9ny7qr6ek2qddF4FclbMzwhCREB6OFfH+rXAnuNCwo1/wFvrtbgsQDb4kSbX9de9lFbrXnA==",
-      "peer": true,
       "requires": {
         "accepts": "~1.3.8",
         "array-flatten": "1.1.1",
@@ -4863,6 +4923,14 @@
         "safe-buffer": "^5.0.1"
       }
     },
+    "ldapts": {
+      "version": "8.1.8",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ldapts/-/ldapts-8.1.8.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Wpdvo+/0DREIynYf2he2efHtjptr5zD7dpesSkZWJqfQdMEgSTytEIsSZVuoDSiiE1+SpXf3emZ7ewxGBTo7Pw==",
+      "requires": {
+        "strict-event-emitter-types": "2.0.0"
+      }
+    },
     "lodash": {
       "version": "4.17.21",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/lodash/-/lodash-4.17.21.tgz",
@@ -5707,6 +5775,11 @@
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/streamsearch/-/streamsearch-1.1.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-Mcc5wHehp9aXz1ax6bZUyY5afg9u2rv5cqQI3mRrYkGC8rW2hM02jWuwjtL++LS5qinSyhj2QfLyNsuc+VsExg=="
     },
+    "strict-event-emitter-types": {
+      "version": "2.0.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/strict-event-emitter-types/-/strict-event-emitter-types-2.0.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-Nk/brWYpD85WlOgzw5h173aci0Teyv8YdIAEtV+N88nDB0dLlazZyJMIsN6eo1/AR61l+p6CJTG1JIyFaoNEEA=="
+    },
     "string_decoder": {
       "version": "1.1.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/string_decoder/-/string_decoder-1.1.1.tgz",

backend/package.json

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
     "express": "^4.21.0",
     "express-rate-limit": "^7.4.1",
     "jsonwebtoken": "^9.0.2",
+    "ldapts": "^8.1.8",
     "multer": "^1.4.5-lts.1",
     "papaparse": "^5.5.2",
     "sequelize": "^6.37.7",

backend/routes/ldap/edit.js

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+import express from 'express';
+import { DataTypes } from 'sequelize';
+import defineLdapSetting from '../../models/ldapSettings.js';
+import authMiddleware from '../../middleware/auth.js';
+import { getLdapSettings } from './ldapClient.js';
+import { serialize } from './index.js';
+const router = express.Router();
+
+const editableFields = [
+  'enabled',
+  'url',
+  'bindDn',
+  'searchBase',
+  'searchFilter',
+  'emailAttribute',
+  'usernameAttribute',
+];
+
+export default function (sequelize) {
+  const { verifySignedIn, verifyAdmin } = authMiddleware(sequelize);
+  const LdapSetting = defineLdapSetting(sequelize, DataTypes);
+
+  router.put('/', verifySignedIn, verifyAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+    try {
+      const settings = await getLdapSettings(LdapSetting);
+
+      const updates = {};
+      for (const field of editableFields) {
+        if (req.body[field] !== undefined) {
+          updates[field] = req.body[field];
+        }
+      }
+      // Only overwrite the bind password when a non-empty value is supplied,
+      // so the masked GET value can be saved back without wiping it.
+      if (req.body.bindCredentials) {
+        updates.bindCredentials = req.body.bindCredentials;
+      }
+
+      await settings.update(updates);
+      res.json(serialize(settings));
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(error);
+      res.status(500).send('Internal Server Error');
+    }
+  });
+
+  return router;
+}

backend/routes/ldap/index.js

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+import express from 'express';
+import { DataTypes } from 'sequelize';
+import defineLdapSetting from '../../models/ldapSettings.js';
+import authMiddleware from '../../middleware/auth.js';
+import { getLdapSettings } from './ldapClient.js';
+const router = express.Router();
+
+// Never expose the stored bind password. Report only whether one is set.
+function serialize(settings) {
+  const json = settings.toJSON();
+  json.bindCredentialsSet = Boolean(json.bindCredentials);
+  json.bindCredentials = '';
+  return json;
+}
+
+export default function (sequelize) {
+  const { verifySignedIn, verifyAdmin } = authMiddleware(sequelize);
+  const LdapSetting = defineLdapSetting(sequelize, DataTypes);
+
+  router.get('/', verifySignedIn, verifyAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+    try {
+      const settings = await getLdapSettings(LdapSetting);
+      res.json(serialize(settings));
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.error(error);
+      res.status(500).send('Internal Server Error');
+    }
+  });
+
+  return router;
+}
+
+export { serialize };

backend/routes/ldap/ldapClient.js

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+import { Client } from 'ldapts';
+
+/**
+ * Escape a value before putting it into an LDAP search filter (RFC 4515).
+ * Prevents LDAP filter injection through the typed username.
+ */
+function escapeFilterValue(value) {
+  return String(value).replace(/[\\*()]/g, (char) => {
+    switch (char) {
+      case '\\':
+        return '\\5c';
+      case '*':
+        return '\\2a';
+      case '(':
+        return '\\28';
+      case ')':
+        return '\\29';
+      default:
+        return char;
+    }
+  });
+}
+
+function buildFilter(template, username) {
+  return template.replace(/\{\{username\}\}/g, escapeFilterValue(username));
+}
+
+function firstValue(attributeValue) {
+  if (Array.isArray(attributeValue)) {
+    return attributeValue.length > 0 ? attributeValue[0].toString() : '';
+  }
+  return attributeValue !== undefined && attributeValue !== null ? attributeValue.toString() : '';
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the single-row LDAP settings, creating defaults on first access.
+ */
+async function getLdapSettings(LdapSetting) {
+  let settings = await LdapSetting.findOne({ order: [['id', 'ASC']] });
+  if (!settings) {
+    settings = await LdapSetting.create({});
+  }
+  return settings;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Authenticate a user against LDAP.
+ * Binds with the service account, searches for the user, then binds as
+ * the user to verify the password. Returns { email, username } on success.
+ * Throws an Error with a human-readable message on any failure.
+ */
+async function authenticateLdap(settings, username, password) {
+  // Reject empty password: many directories treat an empty password as an
+  // anonymous (unauthenticated) bind, which would be an auth bypass.
+  if (!password) {
+    throw new Error('Password is required');
+  }
+  if (!settings.url || !settings.searchBase) {
+    throw new Error('LDAP is not configured');
+  }
+
+  const client = new Client({ url: settings.url });
+  try {
+    await client.bind(settings.bindDn, settings.bindCredentials);
+
+    const filter = buildFilter(settings.searchFilter, username);
+    const { searchEntries } = await client.search(settings.searchBase, {
+      scope: 'sub',
+      filter,
+      attributes: [settings.emailAttribute, settings.usernameAttribute],
+    });
+
+    if (searchEntries.length === 0) {
+      throw new Error('User not found in directory');
+    }
+    const entry = searchEntries[0];
+
+    // Verify the password by binding as the found user.
+    await client.bind(entry.dn, password);
+
+    const email = firstValue(entry[settings.emailAttribute]);
+    if (!email) {
+      throw new Error(`LDAP entry has no "${settings.emailAttribute}" attribute`);
+    }
+    const displayName = firstValue(entry[settings.usernameAttribute]) || email;
+
+    return { email, username: displayName };
+  } finally {
+    try {
+      await client.unbind();
+    } catch {
+      // ignore unbind errors
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+export { authenticateLdap, getLdapSettings, buildFilter, escapeFilterValue };

backend/routes/ldap/ldapClient.test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest';
+import { buildFilter, escapeFilterValue } from './ldapClient.js';
+
+describe('LDAP filter building', () => {
+  it('substitutes {{username}} into the filter template', () => {
+    expect(buildFilter('(mail={{username}})', 'alice@example.com')).toBe('(mail=alice@example.com)');
+  });
+
+  it('escapes RFC 4515 special characters to prevent filter injection', () => {
+    // An attacker-supplied "*" or parentheses must not alter the filter shape.
+    expect(escapeFilterValue('*)(uid=*')).toBe('\\2a\\29\\28uid=\\2a');
+    expect(buildFilter('(uid={{username}})', 'a*b')).toBe('(uid=a\\2ab)');
+  });
+});

backend/routes/ldap/test.js

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import express from 'express';
+import { DataTypes } from 'sequelize';
+import { Client } from 'ldapts';
+import defineLdapSetting from '../../models/ldapSettings.js';
+import authMiddleware from '../../middleware/auth.js';
+import { authenticateLdap, getLdapSettings } from './ldapClient.js';
+const router = express.Router();
+
+export default function (sequelize) {
+  const { verifySignedIn, verifyAdmin } = authMiddleware(sequelize);
+  const LdapSetting = defineLdapSetting(sequelize, DataTypes);
+
+  router.post('/test', verifySignedIn, verifyAdmin, async (req, res) => {
+    try {
+      const stored = await getLdapSettings(LdapSetting);
+
+      // Use the values from the form, falling back to the stored bind
+      // password when the (masked) field is left empty.
+      const settings = {
+        url: req.body.url ?? stored.url,
+        bindDn: req.body.bindDn ?? stored.bindDn,
+        bindCredentials: req.body.bindCredentials || stored.bindCredentials,
+        searchBase: req.body.searchBase ?? stored.searchBase,
+        searchFilter: req.body.searchFilter ?? stored.searchFilter,
+        emailAttribute: req.body.emailAttribute ?? stored.emailAttribute,
+        usernameAttribute: req.body.usernameAttribute ?? stored.usernameAttribute,
+      };
+
+      if (!settings.url) {
+        return res.status(400).json({ ok: false, message: 'Server URL is required' });
+      }
+
+      const { testUsername, testPassword } = req.body;
+      if (testUsername && testPassword) {
+        const user = await authenticateLdap(settings, testUsername, testPassword);
+        return res.json({ ok: true, user });
+      }
+
+      // No test user supplied: just verify connectivity and the service bind.
+      const client = new Client({ url: settings.url });
+      try {
+        await client.bind(settings.bindDn, settings.bindCredentials);
+      } finally {
+        try {
+          await client.unbind();
+        } catch {
+          // ignore
+        }
+      }
+      return res.json({ ok: true });
+    } catch (error) {
+      return res.status(200).json({ ok: false, message: error.message || 'LDAP test failed' });
+    }
+  });
+
+  return router;
+}

backend/routes/users/signin.js

@@ -4,37 +4,65 @@ import { DataTypes } from 'sequelize';
 import bcrypt from 'bcrypt';
 import jwt from 'jsonwebtoken';
 import defineUser from '../../models/users.js';
-import { defaultDangerKey } from './authSettings.js';
+import defineLdapSetting from '../../models/ldapSettings.js';
+import { authenticateLdap, getLdapSettings } from '../ldap/ldapClient.js';
+import { roles, defaultDangerKey } from './authSettings.js';
 
 export default function (sequelize) {
   const User = defineUser(sequelize, DataTypes);
+  const LdapSetting = defineLdapSetting(sequelize, DataTypes);
   const secretKey = process.env.SECRET_KEY || defaultDangerKey;
 
-  router.post('/signin', async (req, res) => {
+  function issueToken(res, user) {
-    try {
-      const { email, password } = req.body;
-      const user = await User.findOne({
-        where: {
-          email: email,
-        },
-      });
-      if (!user) {
-        return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Authentication failed' });
-      }
-
-      const passwordMatch = await bcrypt.compare(password, user.password);
-      if (!passwordMatch) {
-        return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Authentication failed' });
-      }
     const accessToken = jwt.sign({ userId: user.id }, secretKey, {
       expiresIn: '24h',
     });
     const expiresAt = Date.now() + 3600 * 1000 * 24; // expire date(ms)
-
     res.status(200).json({ access_token: accessToken, expires_at: expiresAt, user });
+  }
+
+  router.post('/signin', async (req, res) => {
+    try {
+      const { email, password } = req.body;
+
+      // Local authentication first. This keeps existing accounts (including
+      // the bootstrap administrator) usable even when LDAP is enabled.
+      const user = await User.findOne({ where: { email } });
+      if (user) {
+        const passwordMatch = await bcrypt.compare(password, user.password);
+        if (passwordMatch) {
+          return issueToken(res, user);
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Fall back to LDAP when enabled. The email field carries the LDAP login
+      // identifier (substituted into the configured search filter).
+      const ldapSettings = await getLdapSettings(LdapSetting);
+      if (ldapSettings.enabled) {
+        try {
+          const ldapUser = await authenticateLdap(ldapSettings, email, password);
+          // Find-or-create a local user keyed by the directory email.
+          let localUser = user || (await User.findOne({ where: { email: ldapUser.email } }));
+          if (!localUser) {
+            const userRoleIndex = roles.findIndex((entry) => entry.uid === 'user');
+            const randomPassword = await bcrypt.hash(jwt.sign({ t: Date.now() }, secretKey), 10);
+            localUser = await User.create({
+              email: ldapUser.email,
+              password: randomPassword,
+              username: ldapUser.username,
+              role: userRoleIndex,
+            });
+          }
+          return issueToken(res, localUser);
+        } catch (ldapError) {
+          console.error('LDAP authentication failed:', ldapError.message);
+        }
+      }
+
+      return res.status(401).json({ error: 'Authentication failed' });
     } catch (error) {
       console.error(error);
-      res.status(500).send('Sign up failed');
+      res.status(500).send('Sign in failed');
     }
   });
 

backend/server.js

@@ -70,6 +70,14 @@ app.use('/users', usersUpdateRoleRoute(sequelize));
 app.use('/users', signUpRoute(sequelize));
 app.use('/users', signInRoute(sequelize));
 
+// "/ldap"
+import ldapIndexRoute from './routes/ldap/index.js';
+import ldapEditRoute from './routes/ldap/edit.js';
+import ldapTestRoute from './routes/ldap/test.js';
+app.use('/ldap', ldapIndexRoute(sequelize));
+app.use('/ldap', ldapEditRoute(sequelize));
+app.use('/ldap', ldapTestRoute(sequelize));
+
 // "/projects"
 import projectsIndexRoute from './routes/projects/index.js';
 import projectsShowRoute from './routes/projects/show.js';

docker-compose.yaml

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ services:
       - SECRET_KEY=your_secret_key_here
       - IS_DEMO=false # set to true to seed the database
     volumes:
-      - db-data:/app/backend/database
+      - ~/tcms-db-data:/app/backend/database
       - ./backend/public/uploads:/app/backend/public/uploads
 
 volumes:

frontend/messages/de.json

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@
   },
   "Admin": {
     "user_management": "Benutzerverwaltung",
+    "ldap": "LDAP",
     "avatar": "Avatar",
     "id": "ID",
     "email": "E-Mail",
@@ -434,5 +435,27 @@
     "tag_error_create": "Tag konnte nicht erstellt werden. Bitte versuche es erneut.",
     "tag_error_update": "Tag konnte nicht aktualisiert werden. Bitte versuche es erneut.",
     "tag_error_delete": "Tag konnte nicht gelöscht werden. Bitte versuche es erneut."
+  },
+  "Ldap": {
+    "ldap_settings": "LDAP-Einstellungen",
+    "ldap_description": "Benutzer über ein LDAP-Verzeichnis authentifizieren.",
+    "enable_ldap": "LDAP aktivieren",
+    "enable_ldap_desc": "Benutzern erlauben, sich mit ihren Verzeichnis-Anmeldedaten anzumelden.",
+    "server_url": "Server-URL",
+    "bind_dn": "Bind-DN",
+    "bind_credentials": "Bind-Passwort",
+    "bind_credentials_placeholder": "Leer lassen, um das aktuelle Passwort beizubehalten",
+    "search_base": "Suchbasis",
+    "search_filter": "Suchfilter",
+    "email_attribute": "E-Mail-Attribut",
+    "username_attribute": "Benutzername-Attribut",
+    "save": "Speichern",
+    "saved": "LDAP-Einstellungen gespeichert",
+    "save_error": "LDAP-Einstellungen konnten nicht gespeichert werden",
+    "test_connection": "Verbindung testen",
+    "test_username": "Test-Benutzername",
+    "test_password": "Test-Passwort",
+    "test_success": "Verbindung erfolgreich",
+    "test_failed": "Verbindung fehlgeschlagen"
   }
 }

frontend/messages/en.json

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@
   },
   "Admin": {
     "user_management": "User Management",
+    "ldap": "LDAP",
     "avatar": "Avatar",
     "id": "ID",
     "email": "Email",
@@ -434,5 +435,27 @@
     "tag_error_create": "Failed to create tag. Please try again.",
     "tag_error_update": "Failed to update tag. Please try again.",
     "tag_error_delete": "Failed to delete tag. Please try again."
+  },
+  "Ldap": {
+    "ldap_settings": "LDAP Settings",
+    "ldap_description": "Authenticate users against an LDAP directory.",
+    "enable_ldap": "Enable LDAP",
+    "enable_ldap_desc": "Allow users to sign in with their directory credentials.",
+    "server_url": "Server URL",
+    "bind_dn": "Bind DN",
+    "bind_credentials": "Bind Password",
+    "bind_credentials_placeholder": "Leave blank to keep current password",
+    "search_base": "Search Base",
+    "search_filter": "Search Filter",
+    "email_attribute": "Email Attribute",
+    "username_attribute": "Username Attribute",
+    "save": "Save",
+    "saved": "LDAP settings saved",
+    "save_error": "Failed to save LDAP settings",
+    "test_connection": "Test Connection",
+    "test_username": "Test Username",
+    "test_password": "Test Password",
+    "test_success": "Connection successful",
+    "test_failed": "Connection failed"
   }
 }

frontend/messages/ja.json

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@
   },
   "Admin": {
     "user_management": "ユーザー管理",
+    "ldap": "LDAP",
     "avatar": "アバター",
     "id": "ID",
     "email": "メールアドレス",
@@ -434,5 +435,27 @@
     "tag_error_create": "タグの作成に失敗しました。もう一度お試しください。",
     "tag_error_update": "タグの更新に失敗しました。もう一度お試しください。",
     "tag_error_delete": "タグの削除に失敗しました。もう一度お試しください。"
+  },
+  "Ldap": {
+    "ldap_settings": "LDAP 設定",
+    "ldap_description": "LDAP ディレクトリでユーザーを認証します。",
+    "enable_ldap": "LDAP を有効化",
+    "enable_ldap_desc": "ユーザーがディレクトリの資格情報でサインインできるようにします。",
+    "server_url": "サーバー URL",
+    "bind_dn": "バインド DN",
+    "bind_credentials": "バインドパスワード",
+    "bind_credentials_placeholder": "現在のパスワードを保持する場合は空欄",
+    "search_base": "検索ベース",
+    "search_filter": "検索フィルター",
+    "email_attribute": "メール属性",
+    "username_attribute": "ユーザー名属性",
+    "save": "保存",
+    "saved": "LDAP 設定を保存しました",
+    "save_error": "LDAP 設定の保存に失敗しました",
+    "test_connection": "接続テスト",
+    "test_username": "テストユーザー名",
+    "test_password": "テストパスワード",
+    "test_success": "接続に成功しました",
+    "test_failed": "接続に失敗しました"
   }
 }

frontend/messages/pt-BR.json

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@
   },
   "Admin": {
     "user_management": "Gerenciamento de Usuários",
+    "ldap": "LDAP",
     "avatar": "Avatar",
     "id": "ID",
     "email": "E-mail",
@@ -434,5 +435,27 @@
     "tag_error_create": "Falha ao criar tag. Por favor, tente novamente.",
     "tag_error_update": "Falha ao atualizar tag. Por favor, tente novamente.",
     "tag_error_delete": "Falha ao excluir tag. Por favor, tente novamente."
+  },
+  "Ldap": {
+    "ldap_settings": "Configurações de LDAP",
+    "ldap_description": "Autenticar usuários em um diretório LDAP.",
+    "enable_ldap": "Ativar LDAP",
+    "enable_ldap_desc": "Permitir que os usuários entrem com suas credenciais do diretório.",
+    "server_url": "URL do servidor",
+    "bind_dn": "Bind DN",
+    "bind_credentials": "Senha de Bind",
+    "bind_credentials_placeholder": "Deixe em branco para manter a senha atual",
+    "search_base": "Base de busca",
+    "search_filter": "Filtro de busca",
+    "email_attribute": "Atributo de e-mail",
+    "username_attribute": "Atributo de nome de usuário",
+    "save": "Salvar",
+    "saved": "Configurações de LDAP salvas",
+    "save_error": "Falha ao salvar as configurações de LDAP",
+    "test_connection": "Testar conexão",
+    "test_username": "Usuário de teste",
+    "test_password": "Senha de teste",
+    "test_success": "Conexão bem-sucedida",
+    "test_failed": "Falha na conexão"
   }
 }

frontend/messages/zh-CN.json

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@
   },
   "Admin": {
     "user_management": "用户管理",
+    "ldap": "LDAP",
     "avatar": "头像",
     "id": "ID",
     "email": "邮箱",
@@ -434,5 +435,27 @@
     "tag_error_create": "标签创建失败，请重试。",
     "tag_error_update": "标签更新失败，请重试。",
     "tag_error_delete": "标签删除失败，请重试。"
+  },
+  "Ldap": {
+    "ldap_settings": "LDAP 设置",
+    "ldap_description": "通过 LDAP 目录验证用户身份。",
+    "enable_ldap": "启用 LDAP",
+    "enable_ldap_desc": "允许用户使用目录凭据登录。",
+    "server_url": "服务器地址",
+    "bind_dn": "绑定 DN",
+    "bind_credentials": "绑定密码",
+    "bind_credentials_placeholder": "留空以保留当前密码",
+    "search_base": "搜索基准",
+    "search_filter": "搜索过滤器",
+    "email_attribute": "邮箱属性",
+    "username_attribute": "用户名属性",
+    "save": "保存",
+    "saved": "LDAP 设置已保存",
+    "save_error": "保存 LDAP 设置失败",
+    "test_connection": "测试连接",
+    "test_username": "测试用户名",
+    "test_password": "测试密码",
+    "test_success": "连接成功",
+    "test_failed": "连接失败"
   }
 }

frontend/messages/zh-TW.json

@@ -149,6 +149,7 @@
   },
   "Admin": {
     "user_management": "使用者管理",
+    "ldap": "LDAP",
     "avatar": "頭像",
     "id": "ID",
     "email": "電子郵件",
@@ -434,5 +435,27 @@
     "tag_error_create": "標籤建立失敗，請重試。",
     "tag_error_update": "標籤更新失敗，請重試。",
     "tag_error_delete": "標籤刪除失敗，請重試。"
+  },
+  "Ldap": {
+    "ldap_settings": "LDAP 設定",
+    "ldap_description": "透過 LDAP 目錄驗證使用者身分。",
+    "enable_ldap": "啟用 LDAP",
+    "enable_ldap_desc": "允許使用者使用目錄憑證登入。",
+    "server_url": "伺服器位址",
+    "bind_dn": "繫結 DN",
+    "bind_credentials": "繫結密碼",
+    "bind_credentials_placeholder": "留空以保留目前密碼",
+    "search_base": "搜尋基準",
+    "search_filter": "搜尋過濾器",
+    "email_attribute": "電子郵件屬性",
+    "username_attribute": "使用者名稱屬性",
+    "save": "儲存",
+    "saved": "已儲存 LDAP 設定",
+    "save_error": "儲存 LDAP 設定失敗",
+    "test_connection": "測試連線",
+    "test_username": "測試使用者名稱",
+    "test_password": "測試密碼",
+    "test_success": "連線成功",
+    "test_failed": "連線失敗"
   }
 }

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/AdminNav.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+'use client';
+import { Tabs, Tab } from '@heroui/react';
+import { usePathname } from 'next/navigation';
+import { useRouter } from '@/src/i18n/routing';
+import { LocaleCodeType } from '@/types/locale';
+
+type Props = {
+  locale: LocaleCodeType;
+  userManagementLabel: string;
+  ldapLabel: string;
+};
+
+export default function AdminNav({ locale, userManagementLabel, ldapLabel }: Props) {
+  const router = useRouter();
+  const pathname = usePathname();
+  const selected = pathname.endsWith('/admin/ldap') ? 'ldap' : 'users';
+
+  return (
+    <Tabs
+      aria-label="Admin sections"
+      selectedKey={selected}
+      onSelectionChange={(key) => {
+        router.push(key === 'ldap' ? '/admin/ldap' : '/admin', { locale });
+      }}
+    >
+      <Tab key="users" title={userManagementLabel} />
+      <Tab key="ldap" title={ldapLabel} />
+    </Tabs>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/AdminPage.tsx

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import { useState, useEffect, useContext } from 'react';
 import { Button, addToast } from '@heroui/react';
 import UsersTable from './UsersTable';
 import PasswordResetDialog from './PasswordResetDialog';
+import AdminNav from './AdminNav';
 import DeleteConfirmDialog from '@/components/DeleteConfirmDialog';
 import { UserType, AdminMessages } from '@/types/user';
 import { TokenContext } from '@/utils/TokenProvider';
@@ -149,6 +150,7 @@ export default function AdminPage({ messages, locale }: Props) {
   return (
     <>
       <div className="container mx-auto max-w-3xl pt-16 px-6 flex-grow">
+        <AdminNav locale={locale} userManagementLabel={messages.userManagement} ldapLabel={messages.ldap} />
         <div className="w-full p-3 flex items-center justify-between">
           <h3 className="font-bold">{messages.userManagement}</h3>
         </div>

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/ldap/LdapSettingsPage.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+'use client';
+import { useState, useEffect, useContext } from 'react';
+import { Button, Input, Switch, Card, CardHeader, CardBody, CardFooter, addToast } from '@heroui/react';
+import AdminNav from '../AdminNav';
+import { TokenContext } from '@/utils/TokenProvider';
+import { LocaleCodeType } from '@/types/locale';
+import { LdapSettingsType, LdapMessages } from '@/types/ldap';
+import { fetchLdapSettings, updateLdapSettings, testLdapConnection } from '@/utils/ldapControl';
+import { logError } from '@/utils/errorHandler';
+
+type Props = {
+  messages: LdapMessages;
+  locale: LocaleCodeType;
+};
+
+const emptySettings: LdapSettingsType = {
+  enabled: false,
+  url: '',
+  bindDn: '',
+  bindCredentials: '',
+  bindCredentialsSet: false,
+  searchBase: '',
+  searchFilter: '(mail={{username}})',
+  emailAttribute: 'mail',
+  usernameAttribute: 'cn',
+};
+
+export default function LdapSettingsPage({ messages, locale }: Props) {
+  const context = useContext(TokenContext);
+  const [settings, setSettings] = useState<LdapSettingsType>(emptySettings);
+  const [isSaving, setIsSaving] = useState(false);
+  const [isTesting, setIsTesting] = useState(false);
+  const [testUsername, setTestUsername] = useState('');
+  const [testPassword, setTestPassword] = useState('');
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    async function load() {
+      if (!context.isAdmin()) {
+        return;
+      }
+      try {
+        const data = await fetchLdapSettings(context.token.access_token);
+        setSettings(data);
+      } catch (error: unknown) {
+        logError('Error fetching LDAP settings:', error);
+      }
+    }
+    load();
+  }, [context]);
+
+  const update = (patch: Partial<LdapSettingsType>) => setSettings((prev) => ({ ...prev, ...patch }));
+
+  const handleSave = async () => {
+    setIsSaving(true);
+    try {
+      const saved = await updateLdapSettings(context.token.access_token, settings);
+      setSettings(saved);
+      addToast({ title: 'Success', color: 'success', description: messages.saved });
+    } catch (error: unknown) {
+      logError('Error saving LDAP settings:', error);
+      addToast({ title: 'Error', color: 'danger', description: messages.saveError });
+    } finally {
+      setIsSaving(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const handleTest = async () => {
+    setIsTesting(true);
+    try {
+      const result = await testLdapConnection(context.token.access_token, settings, testUsername, testPassword);
+      if (result.ok) {
+        addToast({ title: 'Success', color: 'success', description: messages.testSuccess });
+      } else {
+        addToast({ title: 'Error', color: 'danger', description: `${messages.testFailed}: ${result.message ?? ''}` });
+      }
+    } finally {
+      setIsTesting(false);
+    }
+  };
+
+  if (!context.isAdmin()) {
+    return null;
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <div className="container mx-auto max-w-3xl pt-16 px-6 flex-grow">
+      <AdminNav locale={locale} userManagementLabel={messages.userManagement} ldapLabel={messages.ldap} />
+
+      <Card className="my-6">
+        <CardHeader className="flex justify-between items-center">
+          <div>
+            <h2 className="text-large font-semibold">{messages.ldapSettings}</h2>
+            <p className="text-small text-default-500">{messages.ldapDescription}</p>
+          </div>
+          <Switch isSelected={settings.enabled} onValueChange={(value) => update({ enabled: value })}>
+            {messages.enableLdap}
+          </Switch>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardBody className="space-y-4">
+          <Input
+            size="sm"
+            label={messages.serverUrl}
+            placeholder="ldap://localhost:389"
+            value={settings.url}
+            onChange={(e) => update({ url: e.target.value })}
+          />
+          <Input
+            size="sm"
+            label={messages.bindDn}
+            placeholder="cn=admin,dc=example,dc=com"
+            value={settings.bindDn}
+            onChange={(e) => update({ bindDn: e.target.value })}
+          />
+          <Input
+            size="sm"
+            type="password"
+            autoComplete="off"
+            label={messages.bindCredentials}
+            placeholder={settings.bindCredentialsSet ? messages.bindCredentialsPlaceholder : ''}
+            value={settings.bindCredentials}
+            onChange={(e) => update({ bindCredentials: e.target.value })}
+          />
+          <Input
+            size="sm"
+            label={messages.searchBase}
+            placeholder="ou=users,dc=example,dc=com"
+            value={settings.searchBase}
+            onChange={(e) => update({ searchBase: e.target.value })}
+          />
+          <Input
+            size="sm"
+            label={messages.searchFilter}
+            placeholder="(mail={{username}})"
+            value={settings.searchFilter}
+            onChange={(e) => update({ searchFilter: e.target.value })}
+          />
+          <div className="flex gap-4">
+            <Input
+              size="sm"
+              label={messages.emailAttribute}
+              value={settings.emailAttribute}
+              onChange={(e) => update({ emailAttribute: e.target.value })}
+            />
+            <Input
+              size="sm"
+              label={messages.usernameAttribute}
+              value={settings.usernameAttribute}
+              onChange={(e) => update({ usernameAttribute: e.target.value })}
+            />
+          </div>
+        </CardBody>
+        <CardFooter className="flex justify-end">
+          <Button size="sm" color="primary" onPress={handleSave} isLoading={isSaving}>
+            {messages.save}
+          </Button>
+        </CardFooter>
+      </Card>
+
+      <Card className="mb-6">
+        <CardHeader>
+          <h2 className="text-large font-semibold">{messages.testConnection}</h2>
+        </CardHeader>
+        <CardBody className="space-y-4">
+          <div className="flex gap-4">
+            <Input
+              size="sm"
+              label={messages.testUsername}
+              autoComplete="off"
+              value={testUsername}
+              onChange={(e) => setTestUsername(e.target.value)}
+            />
+            <Input
+              size="sm"
+              type="password"
+              label={messages.testPassword}
+              autoComplete="off"
+              value={testPassword}
+              onChange={(e) => setTestPassword(e.target.value)}
+            />
+          </div>
+        </CardBody>
+        <CardFooter className="flex justify-end">
+          <Button size="sm" color="secondary" onPress={handleTest} isLoading={isTesting}>
+            {messages.testConnection}
+          </Button>
+        </CardFooter>
+      </Card>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/ldap/page.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+import { getTranslations } from 'next-intl/server';
+import { useTranslations } from 'next-intl';
+import LdapSettingsPage from './LdapSettingsPage';
+import { PageType } from '@/types/base';
+import { LocaleCodeType } from '@/types/locale';
+import { LdapMessages } from '@/types/ldap';
+
+export async function generateMetadata({ params: { locale } }: { params: { locale: LocaleCodeType } }) {
+  const t = await getTranslations({ locale, namespace: 'Ldap' });
+  return {
+    title: `${t('ldap_settings')} | UnitTCMS`,
+    robots: { index: false, follow: false },
+  };
+}
+
+export default function Page({ params }: PageType) {
+  const t = useTranslations('Ldap');
+  const tAdmin = useTranslations('Admin');
+  const messages: LdapMessages = {
+    userManagement: tAdmin('user_management'),
+    ldap: tAdmin('ldap'),
+    ldapSettings: t('ldap_settings'),
+    ldapDescription: t('ldap_description'),
+    enableLdap: t('enable_ldap'),
+    enableLdapDesc: t('enable_ldap_desc'),
+    serverUrl: t('server_url'),
+    bindDn: t('bind_dn'),
+    bindCredentials: t('bind_credentials'),
+    bindCredentialsPlaceholder: t('bind_credentials_placeholder'),
+    searchBase: t('search_base'),
+    searchFilter: t('search_filter'),
+    emailAttribute: t('email_attribute'),
+    usernameAttribute: t('username_attribute'),
+    save: t('save'),
+    saved: t('saved'),
+    saveError: t('save_error'),
+    testConnection: t('test_connection'),
+    testUsername: t('test_username'),
+    testPassword: t('test_password'),
+    testSuccess: t('test_success'),
+    testFailed: t('test_failed'),
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div className="w-full flex items-center justify-center">
+      <LdapSettingsPage messages={messages} locale={params.locale as LocaleCodeType} />
+    </div>
+  );
+}

frontend/src/app/[locale]/admin/page.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ export default function Page({ params }: PageType) {
   const t = useTranslations('Admin');
   const messages: AdminMessages = {
     userManagement: t('user_management'),
+    ldap: t('ldap'),
     avatar: t('avatar'),
     id: t('id'),
     email: t('email'),

frontend/types/ldap.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+export type LdapSettingsType = {
+  enabled: boolean;
+  url: string;
+  bindDn: string;
+  bindCredentials: string;
+  bindCredentialsSet?: boolean;
+  searchBase: string;
+  searchFilter: string;
+  emailAttribute: string;
+  usernameAttribute: string;
+};
+
+export type LdapMessages = {
+  userManagement: string;
+  ldap: string;
+  ldapSettings: string;
+  ldapDescription: string;
+  enableLdap: string;
+  enableLdapDesc: string;
+  serverUrl: string;
+  bindDn: string;
+  bindCredentials: string;
+  bindCredentialsPlaceholder: string;
+  searchBase: string;
+  searchFilter: string;
+  emailAttribute: string;
+  usernameAttribute: string;
+  save: string;
+  saved: string;
+  saveError: string;
+  testConnection: string;
+  testUsername: string;
+  testPassword: string;
+  testSuccess: string;
+  testFailed: string;
+};

frontend/types/user.ts

@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ export type AuthMessages = {
 
 export type AdminMessages = {
   userManagement: string;
+  ldap: string;
   avatar: string;
   id: string;
   email: string;

frontend/utils/ldapControl.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+import { LdapSettingsType } from '@/types/ldap';
+import Config from '@/config/config';
+import { logError } from '@/utils/errorHandler';
+const apiServer = Config.apiServer;
+
+async function fetchLdapSettings(jwt: string): Promise<LdapSettingsType> {
+  const response = await fetch(`${apiServer}/ldap`, {
+    method: 'GET',
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      Authorization: `Bearer ${jwt}`,
+    },
+  });
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error(`HTTP error! Status: ${response.status}`);
+  }
+  return response.json();
+}
+
+async function updateLdapSettings(jwt: string, settings: LdapSettingsType): Promise<LdapSettingsType> {
+  const response = await fetch(`${apiServer}/ldap`, {
+    method: 'PUT',
+    headers: {
+      'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+      Authorization: `Bearer ${jwt}`,
+    },
+    body: JSON.stringify(settings),
+  });
+  if (!response.ok) {
+    throw new Error(`HTTP error! Status: ${response.status}`);
+  }
+  return response.json();
+}
+
+async function testLdapConnection(
+  jwt: string,
+  settings: LdapSettingsType,
+  testUsername: string,
+  testPassword: string
+): Promise<{ ok: boolean; message?: string }> {
+  try {
+    const response = await fetch(`${apiServer}/ldap/test`, {
+      method: 'POST',
+      headers: {
+        'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+        Authorization: `Bearer ${jwt}`,
+      },
+      body: JSON.stringify({ ...settings, testUsername, testPassword }),
+    });
+    return response.json();
+  } catch (error: unknown) {
+    logError('Error testing LDAP connection:', error);
+    return { ok: false, message: 'Request failed' };
+  }
+}
+
+export { fetchLdapSettings, updateLdapSettings, testLdapConnection };